A simple and effective hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform for urban electric vehicles

This paper deals with hardware-in-the-loop simulation of urban electric vehicles. The proposed platform, which is expected to be used for electric vehicle prototyping, is very simple and effective. Indeed, the induction motor-based powertrain is coupled to DC machine-based load torque emulator taking into account the electric vehicle mechanics and aerodynamics. Experiments are carried-out using the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) to show that the proposed hardware-in-the-loop simulation system is effective and provides a simple configuration for prototyping electric vehicles.