Optimal frequency support by dynamic demand

A high penetration of renewable energy sources challenges future grid frequency control. Decentralized demand control can contribute to this frequency control. In this paper a method is proposed where residential demand is controlled to support the frequency. The total customer welfare remains maximal during this support by applying utility functions for each device. A large scale isolated power system is simulated where classic governor action is supported by frequency dependent controllers on electric vehicles and boilers, taking into account their availability. The proposed technique does not depend on a two way communication network, but if such a network is available, it can be combined with an auction based market mechanism.