The mental simulation of a human-robot interaction: Positive effects on attitudes and anxiety toward robots

In the present study, we experimentally investigated whether the mental simulation of an interaction with the robot NAO would improve human-robot interaction (HRI) acceptance, and would reduce negative attitudes and anxiety toward robots in general. Participants were introduced to the robot NAO and were then instructed to imagine for two minutes either a cooperative or a competitive interaction with the robot or a neutral scenario that did not include an HRI. Our results showed that, independent of its content, imagining contact with NAO improved HRI acceptance. Moreover, after imagining contact with the robot, participants indicated less negative attitudes and less anxiety toward robots in general. These effects were strongest for cooperative imagined contact. Theoretical and practical implications for research on HRI will be discussed.