Blackout model considering slow process and SOC analysis

In this paper, a blackout model that considers the slow process at the beginning of blackouts is proposed based on the improved OPA model. The model contains two layers of iteration. The inner iteration, which describes the fast dynamics of the system, simulates the power system cascading failure, including the tree contact and failure of lines caused by heating. Compared with the improved OPA model, the outer iteration, which describes the long-term slow dynamics of the system, adds the simulation of tree growth and utility vegetation management (UVM). Moreover, the proposed model also improves the simulation of protective relays and the dispatching center and makes them closer to practical conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by the simulation results of Northeast Power Grid of China.