Notice of RetractionAnalysis of the characters of the geographic distribution of the world´s extra-large cities

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

In this paper methods using the cities that have a top 50 population in the world as the target of study and a period of five years as the time interval of change were employed for finding out the laws of the dynamic change of the world´s extra-large cities effected by geographic factors in the past six decades. The statistics pointed out that the factor of latitude did play the most important role in those changes, other than the other two of continental and topographic. Through the number of in-and-out typed cities, it reflected the tendency of change of cities from high latitude to low latitude. Asia and Europe are the two continents where greatest change of the number of the cities happened. The longest period of sustainable change of the number of the cities in the past six decades years, It was clearly shown by this fact that the rate of change of cities obviously slowed down from the first period to the second period.