Applications of a reference model to smarter electrical energy systems

The development of Smart Grids has taken considerable momentum and is underway to implement systems that materialize concepts that develop a new electrical infrastructure with benefits for all actors and in particular for the end users. A number of projects that are underway do classify as Smart Grids but some rather implement conventional techniques or only partially develop some components of a smarter energy system. This paper presents the application of a reference model developed by the author that allows to clearly cataloguing smart grid elements on a layered approach similar as the OSI reference model that has been guiding communication development for about four decades. Specific examples of the application of the model help to define interoperability issues, classify standards and other elements that in the proposed framework can be better understood for both technical and nontechnical involved actors. In this form regulators and other entities may better understand the contents of proposed projects and apply incentives and other mechanisms to support the development of those elements that do develop sound implementations that contribute to enhanced technical solutions.