Geographical variations of negative cloud-to-ground lightning parameters: A review

This paper reviews the information available on the dependence of negative cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning characteristics on geographical location. From the information available in the literature at the present time, there is no conclusive evidence of a significant dependence of negative CG lightning parameters on geographical location, except maybe for current intensity (first and subsequent stroke peak current and average continuing current), for which a small (less than 50% variation) dependence may exists, and multiplicity. Nevertheless, it cannot rule out that the differences in current measurements are due to reasons other than “geographical location”.