A validated 5.9 GHz Non-Line-of-Sight path-loss and fading model for inter-vehicle communication

Inter-vehicle communication promises to prevent accidents by enabling applications such as cross-traffic assistance. This application requires information from vehicles in Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) areas due to building at intersection corners. The periodic Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAM) are foreseen to be sent via 5.9 GHz IEEE 802.11p. While it is known that existing micro-cell models might not apply well, validated propagation models for vehicular 5.9 GHz NLOS conditions are still missing. In this paper, we develop a 5.9 GHz NLOS path-loss and fading model based on real-world measurements at a representative selection of intersections in the city of Munich. We show that a) the measurement data can very well be fitted to an analytical model, b) the model incorporates specific geometric aspects in closed-form as well as normally distributed fading in NLOS, and c) the model is of low complexity, thus, could be used in large-scale packet-level simulations. A comparison to existing micro-cell models shows that our model significantly differs.