The role of hybrid models in understanding failure mechanisms of infrastructure electronics due to high-power microwave illumination

Over the last few years, members of the electromagnetics community have used two types of models to investigate the differences in upset thresholds for multiple microsecond pulses compared to single or few shot short-pulse illuminations of complex electronic equipment. These models are: communication theory models and hybrid models. After reviewing and contrasting these models, we use a hybrid model to better understand failure modes in a SCADA trainer as a simple example. The model considers the type of failures seen in current injection testing of this SCADA. The purpose of the model is to introduce a methodology of predicting failure modes for complex infrastructure components.