Integral equation solvers and their applications in the optical regime

This paper presents integral equation solvers to calculate the electromagnetic field scattered from objects embedded in a multilayered medium. First, the electric field surface integral equation (SIE) is solved using method of moments for homogeneous objects. Then, this SIE is used as an exact radiation boundary condition to truncate the computational domain in the finite-element method (FEM) to form a hybrid SIE-FEM, which is applicable to arbitrary inhomogeneous objects embedded in a multilayered medium. The efficiency and accuracy of the developed methods have been demonstrated with numerical experiments both in microwave and optical regimes.