Identification method of transient and permanent faults of double-end fed electric railway

In this paper a novel identification method for transient and permanent faults of a double end fed electric railway is presented to make the adaptive voltage criterion. It is based on the different voltage characteristics measured at the substation of the transient and permanent faults, which is the innovative contribution of the paper. Theoretical analysis and numerous simulation tests are carried out to prove the novel method is correct and valid. The new method is convenient and economical and needs two voltage transformers connected to the overhead contact system of the double-end fed system to obtain the voltages.