DOA detection versus combined spatial temporal reference beamforming

A procedure for carrier-to-inference ratio (CIR) beamforming avoiding single value decomposition and derived from the classic carrier-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (CINR) solution is presented. The resulting nulling, for impinging interferers, is of the same degree as when using noise-subspace procedures. The method is based on the use of a temporal reference, already available in the satellite payload, together with the spatial steered beamvector (the Applebaum solution). The resulting procedure is a valuable alternative to the classic covariance loading methods, since it does not require further matrix inversion, and the noise estimate is derived from the existing hardware. Some results corresponding to a data-relay-satellite scenario are reported