The adequacy model and analysis of swapping battery requirement for electric vehicles

Compared with fossil fuel vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) maintain obvious and profound significance for the less city pollutant and operation noise. Moreover, EVs can benefit operation of the power systems via friendly feeding back the energy stored in the EV batteries into the grids when needed. The related research about charging of batteries for EVs has been extensively developed, which is one of the main issues for the application of EVs. This paper focuses on the cooperation between the battery demand and the supply curve problems, when the charging of EV is operated in the swapping way. Firstly, the concept of the swapping battery requirement (SBR) adequacy is presented, and then the corresponding mathematical model is established and the algorithm based on the Monte Carlo method is proposed. In addition, some critical factors which have great influence on the SBR and reserved fully charged battery (RFCB) curves are demonstrated, such as EVs driving cycle, battery capacity, average energy-consuming level and charging time. Simulation results are presented to verify the proposed method.