Mars sample return Orbiter/Earth Return Vehicle technology needs and mission risk assessment

For many years, NASA and the science community have been asking for a Mars Sample Return (MSR) mission. There have been numerous studies to evaluate MSR mission architectures, technology needs and development plans, and top-level requirements. Because of the challenges, technologically and financially, of the MSR mission, NASA initiated a study top-level look at MSR propulsion technologies through the In-Space Propulsion Technology (ISPT) project office. The impact of propulsion technologies of the MSR Orbiter/Earth Return Vehicle (ERV) are evaluated for performance and overall mission risk. Technology trades included advanced bi-propellant engines, electric propulsion, and aerobraking. Results are presented herein.