Dependence of radar backscattering coefficient on the water equivalent and other snow conditions at C-band of ERS-1 SAR

Snow parameters were simultaneously measured by both ground observations and ERS-1 satellite over passes in Tonami Plain, Toyama Prefecture, Japan. C-band SAR images were obtained on 20 and 23 February 1992. Between the over passes, the plain was covered by fresh snow. As a result of image analyses, it is revealed that the backscattering coefficient (σ⁰) has decreased with the increase in snow water equivalent and/or snow depth. This is caused by the increase in the liquid water content of the snow surface as well as in the snow water equivalent or snow depth