A survey on modern fault record analysis

Currently the structure of energy generation in industrialized countries is fundamentally changing. Among others this is due to the climate change as well as the incidents in Fukushima in March 2011 and the associated decommissioning of nuclear power plants in Germany until 2022. The resulting system of especially volatile generators requires a reliable grid operation (possibly at the limit of the primary equipment) as well as a reliable protection system. This work shall support the grid operation in general. Up to now transmission system operators are collecting fault records but the capabilities concerning information gathering has not been recognized yet. In recent years this topic has been picked up and several offline methods have been developed which shall be presented the first time in a compressed manner. During the project four main research focuses have been emerged whereas detection and correction of current transformer saturation and calculation of grid constants are one-terminal methods. Identifying the parameters of unsymmetrical lines as well as a fault location method taking into account the line transposing are two-terminal based. All methods require a data preprocessing i. e. an appropriate representation of samples and a segmentation of fault records. The latter two-terminal methods require synchronous samples which can be realized after the recording by a resynchronization procedure. The methods are presented in a general intelligible manner and the comprehensive list of references allows furthermore detailed studies of specific topics.