Reducing data cache energy consumption via cached load/store queue

High-performance processors use a large set-associative L1 data cache with multiple ports. As clock speeds and size increase such a cache consumes a significant percentage of the total processor energy. This paper proposes a method of saving energy by reducing the number of data cache accesses. It does so by modifying the load/store queue design to allow "caching" of previously accessed data values on both loads and stores after the corresponding memory access instruction has been committed. It is shown that a 32 entry modified LSQ design allows an average of 38.5% of the loads in the SpecINT95 benchmarks and 18.9% in the SpecFP95 benchmarks to get their data from the LSQ. The reduction in the number of Ll cache accesses results in up to a 40% reduction in the L1 data cache energy consumption and in an up to a 16% improvement in the energy-delay product while requiring almost no additional hardware or complex control logic.