ASIC technology applied to SONET multiplex, transmission, and cross-connect equipment

The author explores the issues involved in implementing the SONET format using ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) technology. Rather than describing specific devices, he focuses on the types of circuitry necessary to implement a single channel of a SONET system. This is done in order to give an idea of the differences between SONET and the asynchronous network and of the issues involves in using ASIC technology. The information presented is derived from the development of several ASICs used in a variety of SONET systems, including a multiplexer, a high-capacity transmission system, and a digital cross-connect system. The characteristics of these devices are used to expand upon the unique features of SONET from a circuit point of view. Opportunities for macros are presented along with key issues encountered in the development of SONET circuitry using ASIC technology