A Framework of Agent-based Demand Response to Provide Reserves Necessary for High-level Wind Penetration

The increased penetration of wind turbine generators into the electric power grid affects the operational reserve requirements due to the high variability of this resource. With the development of wind prediction technologies, it is now possible to get accurate estimates for wind power output and, therefore, operational reserve requirements can be calculated for hours in advance. This paper focuses on using demand response as means to provide the necessary operational reserves. A framework of agent-based demand response is proposed to achieve the following target: making decisions on demand response to provide the necessary reserve requirements to match the load and wind power variations.