Title :
Higher energy efficiency standards coming from the department of energy for distribution transformers
Author :
Nunn, Tommy ; Ballard, Robert
Author_Institution :
ABB Inc., Bland, VA, USA
Abstract :
The United States Department of Energy (DOE) issued its final ruling on distribution transformer efficiency for liquid and dry distribution transformers on October 12, 2007, with compliance mandated for January 1, 2010. Distribution transformers that are manufactured in or imported into the U.S. and its territories on or after January 1, 2010 are required to comply with DOE minimum efficiency standards. Studies are being conducted now to determine if the current efficiency levels are proper and there is a strong possibility that the minimum efficiency levels will be increased in 2016. The methods used to determine efficiency and the life cycle cost (LCC) for distribution transformers are defined and discussed in this paper as well.
Keywords :
energy conservation; life cycle costing; power transformers; DOE; Department of Energy; distribution transformer efficiency; dry distribution transformers; energy efficiency standards; life cycle cost; liquid distribution transformers; minimum efficiency standards; Heating; Standards; CO2 emissions; DOE; LCC; TOC; distribution transformer; life cycle cost; minimum efficiency; total ownership costs;
Conference_Titel :
Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference (PPIC), Conference Record of 2013 Annual IEEE
Conference_Location :
Charlotte, NC
Print_ISBN :
978-1-4673-5098-3
DOI :
10.1109/PPIC.2013.6656056
