Representing programs in multiparadigm software development environments

A canonical program representation, semantic program graphs (SPGs), is described, and it is shown how SPGs can act as the foundation for multiparadigm software development environments. Using SPGs as the basis for program representation allows developers to see different views of programs that correspond to different ways of thinking about them, and it allows editors to be created so that the underlying program can be edited using any of the paradigms. As the sole program representation, SPGs also facilitate communication between paradigms: changes made in one view can be immediately reflected in all other views