A spatial simulation model for shadow fading processes in mobile radio channels

This paper deals with the design of spatial simulation models for shadowing processes. Such processes are generally assumed to be lognormally distributed. The simulation model is derived from a reference model by using the sum-of-sinusoids principle. Analytical expressions are presented for the spatial autocorrelation function (ACF), probability density function (PDF), and the level-crossing rate (LCR) of both the reference and the simulation model. Two methods are discussed enabling the fitting of the simulation model to the reference model with respect to the PDF of the received signal strength as well as to a given spatial ACF with an exponential shape. The usefulness and the performance of the shadowing channel simulator is demonstrated by applying the proposed design method on two scenarios capturing the shadowing effects in suburban and urban areas.