Electric vehicles penetration and grid impact for local energy models

The paper wants to investigate the role, thus the impact, that Electric drive train Vehicles (EVs) can play on a local level and it proposes a new way of taking into account events that drive the building and, eventually, the results from a scenario. This is done by means of a MarkAl local model coupled with a static transportation model. Results show the important role of Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) in achieving emission reductions and highlight the need for longer-lasting batteries or distributed recharging facilities for an effective penetration of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). Moreover, they show that the additional power load, brought into the grid by EVs penetration, would lightly affect the energy system.