Power-Efficient Clustering Routing Protocol Based on Applications in Wireless Sensor Network

In the network layer of wireless sensor network (WSN), how to design a kind of routing protocol that could prolong the lifetime of network, enhance the connections among nodes and reduce energy dissipation is one of the main hot spots in WSN. This paper proposes a new type of routing protocol for WSN called PECRP (power-efficient clustering routing protocol), which is suitable to long-distance and complex data transmission (e.g. patient-surveillance or chemical detection in agriculture), and for fixed sensor nodes of WSN. PECRP combines the advantages of some excellent cluster-based routing protocols together, such as HEED (hybrid energy-efficient distributed clustering approach), PEGASIS (power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems) and so on. PECRP improves the mechanism in electing CHs (cluster heads) of LEACH, and elects more appropriate nodes to be CHs, which could prolong the lifetime of WSN obviously. In data transmission, PECRP uses multi-hop transmission that is called "circle domino offect based on distance to BS (base station)" to balance the energy consumption in nodes. This paper proves the rationality that multi-hop transmission can prolong the lifetime of WSN in narrow sense situation based on mathematical proofs. The simulations show that PECRP has better performances than LEACH in prolonging lifetime and transmitting data in the symmetrical distribution of nodes in WSN.