An electrostatic charging model for aircraft fuel tanks

Electrostatic charging caused by non-conducting liquids flowing through metallic pipes can result in an electrostatic discharge hazard (ESD) in the aviation industry when aircraft are being refuelled. Due to the large quantities of fuel concerned and the high flow rates involved, large potentials can be developed inside aircraft fuel tanks leading to a possible electrostatic discharge hazard. It becomes important therefore to predict the voltage developed during fuelling to evaluate this threat. Also, the ever increasing use of composite materials in aircraft manufacture including fuel tanks and pipes, may change the nature of the hazard and the models must be developed to reflect this change.