Efficient higher order volume-integral-equation modeling of dielectric scatterers

An efficient higher order computational technique is proposed for analysis of arbitrary dielectric scatterers based on the volume integral equation (VIE) approach in conjunction with the method of moments (MoM). The technique combines generalized curvilinear hexahedral elements of arbitrary geometrical orders and hierarchical divergence-conforming polynomial vector basis functions of arbitrary current-approximation orders. A two-potential VIE is solved by a Galerkin-type MoM. Numerical results show excellent accuracy, flexibility, and efficiency of the technique at modeling of both volume current variation and surface curvature of dielectric scatterers.