A novel computerised virtual reality permanent pacing implantation simulator

Complications after insertion of a permanent pacemaker are related to training and experience. Traditionally experience is gained by a trainee performing the procedure under the supervision of senior operators, which may result in prolonged procedure time (PT) and fluoroscopy time (FT). We assessed whether a novel computer based virtual reality simulation (VRS) of permanent pacemaker lead placement reflects operator experience in pacemaker implantation. Thirty-two subjects with different pacing experience constituted our study population. The PT and FT on atrial (A) and ventricular (V) pacing lead placement on the VRS were recorded. We found the group with pacing experience had a shorter PT and FT in both A and V lead implantation when compared with the non-experienced group. The PT and FT in V lead implantations is even shorter in the more experienced subgroup when compared with the less experienced subgroup. We conclude that the performance on VRS does reflect operator experience in pacing system implantation