A space-time equivalence analysis and application of array signal processing based on circular arrays

Uniform linear array is commonly used to explain the space-time equivalence in array signal processing. In this paper, through the analysis of sampling sequence in circular array, the sequence is equivalent to a time-domain sequence whose frequency is changing over time. The spectral bandwidth of this sequence is determined by the array aperture. Besides, this paper presents a new method of transforming circular array into virtual linear array, and with multi-rate signal processing principles, the paper analyzes the requirements of number of array elements in circular array of conventional beam forming.