A New Frequency Dependent Resistor for modeling skin effect of wire and echo cancellation by PSO

This paper describes a new Frequency Dependent Resistor (FDR) architecture. This FDR achieves by using Generalized Impedance Converter (GIC) circuit. The proposed circuit provides a second order filter which makes no variation on phase difference between input signal and output signal. The proposed scheme is able to model the skin effect of the wire. The FDR makes better echo cancellation in the telecommunication applications. To show ability of the proposed FDR it has applied on hybrid circuit to balance this Wheatstone bridge. The FDR circuit includes many parameters. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm has applied on it to find optimum values. Simulation results show the ability of the proposed circuit in the telephone line echo cancellation.