A Training System for Photodynamic Therapy using Modeling and Simulation

To become highly proficient at a given surgical procedure and to reduce risk to patients, physicians must gain experience through a number means. Some surgical procedures can be learned through practice on cadavers, animals, or physical models. Today computer models can provide the required realism to provide highly effective training. This paper presents a computer-based system that will be used for training ophthalmologists in the performance of two processes involving the application of laser to the retina: photodynamic therapy and panretinal photocoagulation