A generalization of Benford´s law and its application to images

Author

Perez-Gonzalez, Fernando ; Heileman, Gregory L. ; Abdallah, Chaouki T.

Author_Institution

Dept. Teor. de la Senal y Comun., Univ. de Vigo, Vigo, Spain

fYear

2007

fDate

2-5 July 2007

Firstpage

3613

Lastpage

3619

Abstract

We present a generalization of Benford´s law for the first significant digit. This generalization is based on keeping two terms of the Fourier expansion of the probability density function of the data in the modular logarithmic domain. We prove that images in the Discrete Cosine Transform domain closely follow this generalization. We use this property to propose an application in image forensics, namely, detecting that a given image carries a hidden message.

Keywords

Fourier series; discrete cosine transforms; image forensics; probability; Benford´s law generalization; Fourier expansion; discrete cosine transform domain; first significant digit; hidden message; image forensics; modular logarithmic domain; probability density function; Approximation methods; Convolution; Discrete cosine transforms; Fourier series; Histograms; Image forensics; Random variables; Benford´s law; DCT; Fourier series; forensics; watermarking;

fLanguage

English

Publisher

ieee

Conference_Titel

Control Conference (ECC), 2007 European

Conference_Location

Kos

Print_ISBN

978-3-9524173-8-6

Type

conf

Filename

7068574

Link To Document

https://search.isc.ac/dl/search/defaultta.aspx?DTC=49&DC=2161685