Low-cost design optimization of antennas using adjoint sensitivity

A simple and yet robust algorithm for electromagnetic (EM) simulation-driven design optimization of antennas is proposed. Our procedure exploits adjoint sensitivities to obtain gradient information without extra EM simulations, as well as adaptive algorithm that adjusts the search radius for optimizing the linear model of the antenna. The proposed technique is capable of yielding an optimized antenna design at a much lower computational cost than a benchmark algorithm, Matlab´s fminimax, also using adjoint sensitivities. Two antenna design cases are presented: a planar inverted-F antenna and a wideband hybrid antenna.