Genetic Algorithm Assisted Dual Diversity Smart Antenna with Triple-COLD Array for QPSK Communication System

A dual (polarization and spatial) diversity smart antenna using Triple co-centered orthogonal loop and dipole (Triple-COLD) array is presented. It exploits polarization diversity to support more users in spatial diversity scenario when users are very close to each other in terms of their arrival angles. There are six co-located elements in a single Triple-COLD element, which provide six polarization degrees of freedom with space saving. Array weights are determined directly to minimize the bit error rate (BER) using genetic algorithm (GA) alternate to conjugate gradient (CG) method, using adaptive minimum BER approach, for QPSK modulation scheme. GA is capable of approaching the MBER solution at a lower complexity than CG algorithm.