A rural channel model for satellite navigation applications

The performance of communication and navigation systems for users of land-mobile satellite (LMS) systems in rural environments can be severely degraded by vegetation such as trees, alleys, and forests. In order to compensate for effects like wave scattering and frequent shadowing of the received signal caused by vegetation, the aforementioned objects have to be modeled. In this paper we propose a rural channel model based on volumes filled with point source scatterers and wideband measurements of the radio channel. The proposed model is a geometric-stochastic channel model (GSCM) and hence well-suited for the simulation of communication as well as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) applications.