Influences of large penetration of distributed generation on N-1 safety operation

The incentive to operate less polluting energy sources and the electricity liberalization has opened opportunities for the increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG) in the power system. Due to the locally available resources and small scale, DG units are mostly connected at the distribution level. This does not only have impact on the distribution system operation, but on the transmission system as well. In this study, the impact of DG on N-1 safety (contingency) of the transmission system is studied in detail with different DG technologies at given penetration levels.