An Adaptive Secure Watermarking Scheme for Images in Spatial Domain Using Fresnel Transform

A new adaptive blind watermarking scheme with the watermarks encrypted by Fresnel transform in spatial domain is presented. By utilizing fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) technique and human visual system (HVS), the watermark can be adaptively embedded according to block classification. To keep imperceptibility and robustness, a novel iterative embedding algorithm is adopted to change the to-be-embedded pixel-values. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme provides good robustness to withstand different kinds of common attacks.