Optimized base station sleeping and renewable energy procurement using PSO

Recently, energy efficiency (EE) has drawn more and more attentions due to the need for green communication. It is well-known that the base station (BS) sleeping strategy and radio resource allocation can effectively improve the EE for the wireless communication networks. Meanwhile, renewable energy is important to decrease the carbon emissions which is also subject to the need for green communication. In this paper, we jointly optimize the BS sleeping strategy, resource allocation and renewable energy procurement scheme to maximize the profit of the network operators and minimize the carbon emissions. We formulate the joint optimization problem as a mixed integer programming problem which is difficult to tackle in general. In the first, we adopt the bi-velocity discrete particle swarm optimization (BVDPSO) algorithm to optimize the BS sleeping strategy. When the BS sleeping strategy is fixed, the original optimization problem only consists of the power allocation, subcarrier assignment and energy procurement which is also difficult to solve due to the combinatorial nature of the subcarrier assignment. Then, we propose an optimal algorithm based on Lagrange dual domain method to optimize the power allocation, subcarrier assignment and energy procurement. Numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme and algorithm.