Bias reduction for the scan-based least-squares emitter localization algorithm

This paper presents bias reduction techniques for the scan-based least-squares emitter localization algorithm. Scan-based emitter localization exploits constant scan rate of the radar antenna main beam to allow determination of the emitter location by three or more receivers. It does away with high-precision timing requirements for time of arrival measurements for intercepted radar beams and does not require high-sensitivity receivers to pick up sidelobes of the radar beam pattern. The paper develops a weighted least-squares estimator and an iterative maximum likelihood estimator to overcome the least-squares estimation bias. The improved bias performance is illustrated with simulation examples.