ACM-learning architecture: A normative proposal for technology enhanced education for developing countries

Although technological advances offer new paradigms in e-learning, developing countries in the world are still unable to fully utilize the advantage of these improvements due to limited availability of these technologies, lack of proper management and infrastructure problems. In this paper, we propose a new multidisciplinary energy-efficient framework for Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) in generic developing countries where students in range K-12 will be profited. Our proposed mechanism uses an Apps Centric Mobile (ACM) learning architecture as an improvement over conventional m-learning modules. We recommend the use of mobile and multimedia technology to reach the vast student population of under-developed countries to impart quality, cost-effective learning in an effective way extending learning beyond classrooms, student-centered learning and national competitiveness.