Homotopy techniques for obtaining a DC solution of large-scale MOS circuits

A new technique for obtaining a DC operating point of large, hard-to-solve MOS circuits is reported in this paper. Based on homotopy, the technique relies on the provable global convergence of arclength continuation and uses a novel method for embedding the continuation parameter into MOS devices. The new embedding circumvents inefficiencies and numerical failures that limit the practical applicability of previous simpler embeddings. Use of the technique in a production environment has led to the routine solution of large, previously hard-to-solve circuits