Nanoelectromechanical systems and nanomachines: biomimicking and prototyping

Complex nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) exist in nature in enormous variety and sophistication. These NEMS are built from various nanoscale structures, devices and subsystems. Complex nanodevices can be devised and designed through biomimetics. Living organisms and systems, which consist of atoms, molecules, molecular structures and molecular systems can be examined and prototyped using the corresponding theories. The ability of organisms to function in a particular way depends on the presence, absence, concentration, location, interaction, and architectures of integrated structures, components and systems. Bioelectromechanics and bioelectronics are the synergy of science, engineering and technology to compliment and enhance fundamental research and applied developments in complex nano- and microscale systems. For example, one can apply complex biological patents and processes to devise and fabricate nanomachines. Biomimicking can be performed in researching structures, architectures and biological materials of biomolecules, cells, tissues, membranes, biomotors, biosystems, etc. This paper aims to provide a focused study of bioelectromechanics, which is a far-reaching frontier of modern science and engineering. The results are illustrated by devising high-performance transducers (actuators and sensors) via synthesis of novel topologies which are discovered when prototyping bionanomotors.