Control of bilateral teleoperation with time delay considering operator force sending

Force reflection methods are widely used in teleoperation with force sensors on slave manipulator. However, force sensors would impair manipulator structure and may be installed or maintained difficultly on slave site. Additionally, in some tasks operator pays more attention to control the exerted force on environment than to fell the reflection force. Considering these factors, a force sending method is proposed in this paper with force sensors installed only on master manipulator. Adjusted virtual force is provided to operator on master site. Operator force sending and slave manipulator position tracking are achieved without conflict on slave site. Stability analysis is presented based on ISS (input-to-state stability) method and numerical simulations are given to show the effectiveness.