Overall Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm in UWB-Based Wireless Sensor Network

UWB technology advances the lifetime of UWB-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and clustering enhances utilization of limited energy resources of the network.Since cluster heads (CHs) usually forward data via multi-hop, energy consumed by each CH vary with relay traffic and its member size. To achieve energy balance, an overall energy efficient clustering (OEEC) algorithm is proposed. It elects CH by a voting mechanism and divides nodes into clusters in adaptive size by measuring distances among nodes accurately based on UWB and taking energy of the nodes into consideration.The voting approach lets sensors vote for their neighbors to elect suitable CHs. CHs closer to base station (BS) have smaller size than those farther to reduce energy consumption in intra-cluster data transmission and preserve more energy for inter-cluster data forwarding. Simulation results show that the proposed clustering algorithm balances the overall energy consumption efficiently and prolongs the network lifetime which is much better than LEACH obviously.