Analysis on variable electricity pricing models and the influence on load curves of household customers

In electricity grids current production has to meet usage at all times. Load curves show several load peaks during the day leading to problems for electricity providers. In this paper it is shown how to build load- and time-variable tariffs to obtain defined target load curves through demand response. Results show that total annual costs rise if load-reduction or peak-reduction target load curves are designated. If load curves based on load-shifting or flat load curves are designated, total annual costs almost stay unchanged with load-variable tariffs while they decline with time-variable tariffs.