Reconfigurable Waveguide for Vector Network Analyzer Verification

A novel simple approach to the verification process for millimeter-wave vector network analyzer waveguide calibration is reported using a single reconfigurable component verification kit. Conventional techniques require multiple verification components and these only exist commercially for operation up to 110 GHz. At millimeter-wave frequencies, the use of multiple components can lead to significant errors due to imperfections in waveguide flange misalignments during the multiple component connections. The reconfigurable component is designed so that its electrical properties can be changed quickly to a broad range of predetermined values without introducing additional errors due to changes in flange alignment. Once connected, the component can be reconfigured to introduce relative changes in the reflected and transmitted signals. For millimeter-wave metrology, where mechanical precision is of paramount importance, this single-component verification approach represents an attractive solution. A proof-of-concept verification process is described, based on full-wave electromagnetic modeling, hardware implementation, and validation measurements using standard WR-15 waveguide (50-75 GHz).