Title :
Optical waveguides by silver-sodium ion exchange process in nitrate mixtures
Author :
Pun, E.Y.B. ; Leung, W.K. ; Chung, P.S. ; Chan, H.P.
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electron. Eng., Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
Abstract :
Planar-graded index optical waveguides have been fabricated in soda lime glass substrates by silver (Ag+) ion exchange in a mixed melt of silver nitrate (AgNO3), potassium nitrate (KNO 3) and sodium nitrate (NaNO3). The propagation mode indices measured agree well with the theoretical WKB dispersion relation of J.W. White and P.F. Heidrich (1976) using a second-order polynomial function for the refractive index profile. The surface index change can be varied from 0.09 to 0.004 by changing the amount of AgNO 3 in the mixed nitrate melt, and effective diffusion coefficients have been calculated for these waveguides
Keywords :
WKB calculations; gradient index optics; ion exchange; optical waveguides; silver; Ag+ ion exchange; AgNO3-KNO3-NaNO3 melt; WKB dispersion relation; effective diffusion coefficients; nitrate mixtures; planar-graded index optical waveguides; propagation mode indices; refractive index profile; second-order polynomial function; silver-sodium ion exchange process; soda lime glass substrates; surface index change; Dispersion; Glass; Optical planar waveguides; Optical refraction; Optical variables control; Optical waveguides; Particle beam optics; Planar waveguides; Polynomials; Silver;
Conference_Titel :
Computer and Communication Systems, 1990. IEEE TENCON'90., 1990 IEEE Region 10 Conference on
Print_ISBN :
0-87942-556-3
DOI :
10.1109/TENCON.1990.152578
