Constitutive parameter extraction for single & double negative metamaterials and validation of negative refraction

In this paper, two separate and independent extraction methods for the determination of the effective parameters of single negative (SNG) and double negative (DNG) metamaterials have been considered to determine the constitutive parameters of the materials. Using both methods, good agreement in permittivity and permeability results was obtained. For a DNG metamaterial made of wires and split ring resonators [J.B. Pendry et al., 1996], the effective constitutive parameters were extracted and used for the calculation of the refractive index and to design a spherical concave lens made of DNG metamaterial.