Foldeable wideband small antenna element

Various designs of dual or more band planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) were manufactured perhaps well in excess of a billion pieces over the last decade. Most PIFAs are single layer antenna elements with a volume of 3 to 7 cm³. Presently, there is a growing number of emerging applications which apparently call for other antenna concepts. The reasons could differ and range from a bandwidth beyond that available with PIFAs to wearable antennas made on fine substrates and operating in a strongly varying environment. Our research had addressed an emerging class of antenna for servers wirelessly serving commercial electronics. Antenna should be capable of being accommodated in many manners - on a PCB, at the front panel, as a plug-in device, in planar or conformal shape.