Non spherical patches suspended above spherical ground surface

Microwave antennas suspended above the spherical ground are gaining interest and we are at the dawn of their wide applications in wireless communication and in radio channel estimation. The simplification in patch element is of great importance to ensure widespread uses. Adopting the Chinese man hat form of the patch is an good alternative, effecting with similar electrical performance as the spherical antenna. But manufacturing becomes considerably simpler. Bandwidths of 50 MHz for the S-band patch having 12 mm height are unimpressive. In a future, many spherical elements will be used in wideband and UWB systems to deal with multipath propagation through deliberate beam pointing. Therefore, many efforts are needed to propose novel patch shapes suited for operation with the spherical grounds and capable to provide wide impedance bands.