An approach for multi factor authentication for securing smart cards’ applications

This paper discusses a concept of integrating a handwritten signature and digital signature into an overall public key infrastructure (PKI). The purpose of this proposed solution is to fulfill the cultural gap between traditional handwritten signatures and digital certificate/signature through the integration of culturally relevant built-in features for increasing the acceptability of digital signatures and smart cards in global e-government, while maintaining the security features of current digital signature/certificate schemes. Furthermore, the paper discusses the usability of two-facto authentication systems in securing smart cards.